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得益于丰富的资源和得天独厚的地理环境优势,美国较早建立起了强大的石油工业体系。仓储物流体系,在美国石油化工行业的发展中起着极大的推动作用,有效地调节着石油产区和消费地的不平衡,进而促进了石油贸易的发展。美国的原油物流主要包括管道运输、远洋油轮运输、驳船运输、铁路(罐车)运输和油罐(卡)车运输5种方式,其中主要依靠管道运输和远洋油轮运输,而管道运输尤为重要。2015年美国炼厂通过管道运输接收的原油总量占到炼厂接收总量的61%,远洋油轮运输总量占接收总量的29%。最近几年来,美国在能源基础设施方面的投资呈不断增长趋势,其中很大一部分是对仓储物流设施的投资。而健全完善的物流体系,将会对WTI价格以及北美地区原油价格形成较强的支撑作用。建议中国能源企业寻求在北美地区、尤其是在墨西哥湾地区开拓仓储物流业务。在赴美投资时,中国企业应了解赴美投资的审查程序,优化投资方式和途径的选择,加强与当地民众、政府等方面的联系往来,构建和谐的关系网络,同时要加强对美国市场的了解和把握,提升风险防控能力。
Thanks to its abundant resources and unique geographical advantages, the United States established a strong oil industry system earlier. The warehousing and logistics system plays an important role in the development of the petrochemical industry in the United States. It effectively regulates the imbalance between the petroleum producing areas and the consumption areas, and further promotes the development of the oil trade. Crude oil logistics in the United States mainly includes pipeline transport, ocean tanker transport, barge transport, railroad (tank) transport, and oil tank (carry) truck transport. Five of them rely on pipeline transport and ocean tanker transport, and pipeline transport is particularly important. In 2015, the total amount of crude oil received by refineries in the United States through pipeline transportation accounted for 61% of the total amount received by the refinery, and the total amount of ocean-going tanker transport accounted for 29% of the total amount received. In recent years, the U.S. investment in energy infrastructure has continued to grow, with a large part of it investing in warehousing and logistics facilities. A sound and complete logistics system will provide strong support for WTI prices and crude oil prices in North America. It is recommended that Chinese energy companies seek to develop warehousing and logistics business in North America, especially in the Gulf of Mexico. When investing in the United States, Chinese companies should understand the review procedures for investing in the United States, optimize the choice of investment methods and approaches, strengthen contacts with the local people, the government, etc., and build a harmonious relationship network, while strengthening the US market. Understand and grasp, enhance risk prevention and control capabilities.