通过调研和分析我国各级法院审判的有关实际承运人认定的36个样本案例,归纳我国海事司法实践在海上货物运输实际承运人认定问题上的主要特征和存在的争议;在具体分析六大争议问题的基础上,指出我国海事司法实践中产生实际承运人认定问题的根源,并通过考察实际承运人制度的发展历程和发展趋势,提出对我国《海商法》下实际承运人认定问题的相应的解决或借鉴之道。 By investigating and analyzing the 36 sample cases that the actual carriers of our country tried at all levels of courts, the author summarizes the main features and existing controversies on the maritime judicial practice of maritime justice in our country. In the specific analysis of the six major controversies On the basis of this, this paper points out the root causes of the problem of actual carrier identification in the judicial practice of our country’s maritime affairs. By examining the development process and trend of the actual carrier system, this paper puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to the actual carrier identification under the “Maritime Code” of our country Solve or learn from the road.