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正当与善的关系在西方伦理学发展史上表现出十分复杂的情形。古代伦理思想基本上是以善来规导正当,而伦理学的近代转型则表现在确立正当对善的优先性。在近代,正当的标准是通过理智抽象来赋予个人以自由和平等权利,这使得正当获得了一个从善中分离出来的独立标准。其直接后果是:社会正义成为政治伦理的首要价值,作为心灵品质之好(善)的美德则只有依附于正义原则的地位。现代美德伦理学的复兴,就是试图恢复对美德自身的整体思考。
The relationship between fairness and goodness shows a very complicated situation in the history of the development of western ethics. Ancient ethics is basically good to guide legitimacy, while the modern transformation of ethics is manifested in the establishment of legitimacy of good priorities. In modern times, just standards give individuals the right to freedom and equality through rational abstraction, which legitimates an independent standard of separation from goodness. Its direct consequence is that social justice becomes the primary value of political ethics, and virtue as a good spiritual character depends on the principle of just principles. The revival of modern virtue ethics is an attempt to restore the overall thinking of virtue itself.