一、前言 金相学是研究金属及合金组织的一门重要科学。它应用金属显微镜观察并研究金属内部的组织与性能之间的关系。在冶金领域中,金相学的应用可追溯到16世纪。1864年Sorby则利用金相显微镜开始系统地研究了钢铁的组织。 十九世纪以来,由于显微镜的飞跃发展 I. Preface Metallography is an important science to study the metal and alloy organization. It uses a metal microscope to observe and study the relationship between the internal structure and properties of metals. In metallurgy, the application of metallography dates back to the 16th century. In 1864, Sorby began to systematically study the microstructure of steel by means of a metallographic microscope. Since the nineteenth century, due to the rapid development of the microscope