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本文通过在浙东越村的社会人类学实地研究,首次指出了农民亲子关系中明显与“反馈模式”并存的“代际倾斜”现象,说明他们生养孩子,并不全然是基于市场理性的行为,由此揭示出他们的生育观念:生育作为生命逻辑中不可缺少的一个环节,是他们此生不可推卸的生命任务,是他们对于祖先的“还债”。正由于生育连带着农民人生的终极意义,因此:①在理论上,西方微观经济学理论并不能圆满地解释中国农民的生育行为;②在现实上,农民会在实际的生育态度与行为上,与政府的人口政策产生深刻的矛盾,从而使行政手段在人口控制中必不可少;③在政策措施上,“养儿防老”问题的解决,只是改变农民这种生育观念的必要而非充分的条件。
This paper, for the first time, points out the phenomenon of “intergenerational inclination” that is obviously associated with “feedback mode” in the parent-child relationship of peasants through the field study of social anthropology in the village of East Zhejiang. This shows that they are not entirely behavior based on market rationality, From this, we can reveal their fertility concept: Fertility is an indispensable link in the logic of life. It is their unshirkable life mission in life and their “repayment of debts” to their ancestors. It is precisely because of the ultimate meaning of peasants ’life because of birth. Therefore, in theory, Western microeconomics theory can not satisfactorily explain the peasants’ reproductive behavior in China. In reality, peasants will, in actuality, And the government’s population policy have profound contradictions, so that the administrative means are indispensable in the population control. On the policy measures, the solution to the problem of raising children to protect the elderly is only necessary but not sufficient to change the peasant’s concept of reproduction condition.