目的：探讨肠道病毒（ＥＶ）在中枢神经系统感染中的致病情况，建立一种检测ＥＶ感染的方法。方法：采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）和病毒分离技术检测４０种ＥＶ标准毒株和４６例无菌性脑膜炎、脑炎病人脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）标本。结果：ＲＴＰＣＲ方法敏感特异，ＥＶ标准毒株稀释至１０－２ＴＣＩＤ５０时检测结果仍为阳性。４６例无菌性脑膜炎和脑炎急性期ＣＳＦ标本中３１例检测结果阳性（６７４％），病毒分离仅１４例阳性（２６１％），ＲＴＰＣＲ敏感性显著高于病毒分离。结论：ＥＶ是引起中枢神经系统感染的重要病原，ＲＴＰＣＲ敏感特异、简单易行、易于推广，是诊断ＥＶ感染的重要方法 Objective: To investigate the pathogenicity of enterovirus (EV) in the infection of central nervous system and to establish a method to detect EV infection. Methods: 40 kinds of EV standard strains and 46 cases of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis CSF were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and virus isolation technique. Results: RT-PCR method is sensitive and specific, EV standard strains diluted to 10-2TCID50 test results were still positive. In 46 cases of aseptic meningitis and acute encephalitis, 31 cases were positive (674%) in CSF and 14 cases were positive (261%) in virus isolation. The sensitivity of RTPCR was significantly higher than that of virus . Conclusion: EV is an important pathogen causing central nervous system infection. RT-PCR is sensitive and specific, simple and easy to popularize, it is an important method to diagnose EV infection