自本世纪四十年代以来,有效抗结核化学药物陆续问世,尤其是五十年代初异烟肼的发现和应用,使肺结核的治疗进入了化学药物治疗(简称化疗)的新时代,为控制和消灭结核病开拓了道路。但是,由于结核菌的特性,单用一种药物治疗,不久即会因产生耐药性而失效,即使联用几种药物也需要很长时间才能痊愈且不复发。为此,近三十年来各国学者通过不懈努力,寻找疗效高、复发率少、简便、经济的合理化疗途径,业已取得显著进展,形成了许多新观点、新方法。现已公认,发现病人和化学疗法是当代控制结核病的主要措施,并 Since the forties of the 20th century, effective anti-tuberculosis chemical drugs have come out one after another, especially the discovery and application of isoniazid in the early 1950s, which has brought the treatment of tuberculosis into a new era of chemical drug treatment (referred to as chemotherapy) Eradicating tuberculosis has opened the way. However, due to the characteristics of TB, treatment with one drug alone will soon become ineffective due to drug resistance. Even with several drugs, it takes a long time to heal without relapse. For this reason, scholars from various countries in the past three decades have made remarkable progress in finding unremitting efforts to find a reasonable way of chemotherapy with high efficacy, low recurrence rate, simplicity and economy, and formed many new ideas and new methods. It is now accepted that patients and chemotherapy are found to be the mainstay of contemporary TB control