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2012年8月18日四川省彭州市龙门山镇地区遭受50年一遇的暴雨,引发大规模群发性泥石流灾害,其中以高架子沟最为突出,导致银厂沟内居民生活和交通严重受损。本文据现场调查和航空影像解译,分析高架子沟流域、物源特征的基础上讨论该次泥石流的演化过程、启动方式及灾害机理。结果表明:高架子沟在震前是一条非泥石流沟,震后流域内物源丰富,泥石流形成及演化过程为:地震-滑坡、崩塌-降雨-泥石流,其成灾启动过程包括启动阶段、加速阶段、下切拉槽阶段、堆积四个阶段,启动模式为沟床启动型。该泥石流形成过程中,“消防水管效应”使沟道水流快速集中,并强烈冲刷沟床中的松散堆积体,导致沟床固体物质移动形成大规模的泥石流灾害。
On August 18, 2012, 50-year heavy rainfall hit Longmen Town, Pengzhou City, Sichuan Province, causing large-scale massif debris flow disasters. Among them, the most prominent is the Gaoshizigou, which has seriously damaged the lives and traffic of residents in the Yinchuan ditch . Based on the field survey and aerial image interpretation, the paper analyzes the evolution process, starting mode and disaster mechanism of the debris flow on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the Gaozhezigou basin and the provenance. The results show that the Gaozhaizigou is a non-debris flow ditch before the earthquake, and the source of the debris flow in the basin after the earthquake is abundant. The formation and evolution process of the debris flow are: earthquake-landslide, collapse-rainfall-debris flow. Stage, the next cut slot slot, stacked four stages, start mode for the ditch bed start. During the formation of debris flow, the “fire hose effect” quickly concentrated the channel flow and washed away the loosely packed body in the ditch bed, resulting in the massive debris flow hazard resulting from the movement of solid material in the ditch bed.