精确地测量增益及读出噪声对微型光谱仪性能评价及光谱数据处理十分重要。基于微型光谱仪的噪声原理,推导出输出信号与噪声的函数关系,从而提出了一种测量微型光谱仪增益及读出噪声的方法,并以此搭建了测量系统。对自主研制的微型光谱仪进行了测量,得到其增益为2.02e-/ADU,读出噪声为68.92e-。与光子转移曲线法和暗光谱法测得的实验数据进行对比,进一步验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。该方法理论推导过程严谨,操作过程简单,可广泛应用于各型号微型光谱仪增益及读出噪声的测量。 Accurate measurement of gain and readout noise are important for the performance evaluation of micro-spectrometers and spectral data processing. Based on the noise principle of the micro-spectrometer, the function of the output signal is deduced as a function of noise. A new method to measure the gain and noise of the micro-spectrometer is proposed. The measurement system is built. The self-developed micro-spectrometer was measured to obtain a gain of 2.02e- / ADU and a readout noise of 68.92e-. Compared with the experimental data measured by photon transfer curve method and dark spectrum method, the feasibility and effectiveness of this method are further verified. The method has rigorous derivation theory and simple operation process. It can be widely used in the measurement of gain and readout noise of various models of micro-spectrometers.