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一、虚拟语气用在条件从句中（if从句）
条件句：①真实条件句：可能发生（陈述语气）
②非真实条件句：过去或现在都不存在，将来也不太可能发生（虚拟语气）
1. 记住下列三种基本虚拟语气的用法
If he had time, he would study French. 如果他有时间，他就会学习法语。
If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam. 如果他当初听从了我的建议，他就会及格。
If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明天下雨的话，竞赛就会被取消。
If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天晴的话我就去购物。
2．若主从句动作发生的时间不一致，则谓语动词形式需要视具体情况加以调整，从句与过去情况相反，主句与现在情况相反。
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果当初你听了医生的建议，现在都已经康复了。
3. 若省略引导词if，则从句需用倒装语序，即“were/had/should+主语+其他”，主句不变。
If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided. 如果他细心一点，这样的错误是可以避免的。
→Had he been more careful, ...
If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明天下雨的话，比赛就会延期。
→Were it not to rain tomorrow, ...
If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去购物。
→Should it be fine tomorrow, ...
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句：句中含without（没有）, but for+名词/that从句（要不是有），otherwise/or (else)（否则）等时也需要用虚拟语气，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。
Without air/If there were no air, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物。
But for your help/If it hadn’t been for your help, I couldn’t have finished the task in time. 如果没有你的帮助，我无法按时完成任务。
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.
=If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. 那天我很忙，否则我一定会和他们一起去。
二、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
1．在wish宾语从句中，表示一种不大可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。
（How） I/sb wish (that)从句：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用did/were。
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语用had done。
③表示对将来情况虚拟，从句谓语用“would/could+do”。
例：I wish it were spring all the year around. 我希望一整年都是春天。
I feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn’t forced me (没有逼我) to eat so much. (force) (2008年湖北卷) 我感觉很恶心，要是我妈妈没有逼我吃那么多就好了。
I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停下。
2．用在表示“建议，要求，命令”等含义的动词后的宾语从句中时，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可以省略。常见的这些动词可用如下方式记忆：
一个坚持：insist
二个命令：order, command
三个要求：require, request, demand
四个建议:suggest, advise, propose, recommend
I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立即回答我。
The doctor recommended that you (should) not swim after eating a large meal. 医生建议不要在饱餐后去游泳。
Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention (should) be discussed at the meeting. (2010年湖北卷)约翰逊先生坚持认为这个问题有必要在大会上进行讨论。
注意 insist表示“坚决要求”时，谓语动词用“should+do”, 若表示“坚持认为”时，从句则用实际的时态。
He insisted that the theory was right. 他坚持认为那个理论是正确的。
三、虚拟语气用在同位语从句和表语从句中
在表示含有“建议，要求，命令”的名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，也用“should+动词原形”虚拟语气，should可以省略。常见的名词为：insistence, request, demand, order, command, suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation等。
After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that it (should) land (它着陆) as scheduled the next day. (2009年湖北卷) 围绕地球转了3天后，神舟飞船接到来自地面的要求，让他们按计划在第二天着陆。
Your advice that she (should) wait till next week is unreasonable, so she is wise not to take it. 你建议她等到下周很不合理，所以她很聪明没有听你的建议。
My proposal is that they (should) go to visit the World Expo. 我建议他们去参加世博会。
四、虚拟语气用在主语从句中
在句型“It is important/necessary/strange/natural/...that ...”中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示“重要，奇怪，自然，必要”等意义。
It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 每个成员都应该提醒自己遵守规则。
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 他有必要立即过去。
以下句型也用此结构：
It is/will be decided/desired/ordered/required/requested/proposed/that ... (should) + do ...
It is required in some colleges that lights in students’ dorms (should) be switched off by 11 o’clock. 有些大学里要求学生宿舍每晚11点之前关灯。
五、虚拟语气用在习惯句型中
1. 在as if/though引导的从句中，通常用虚拟语气。其动词形式的判断要通过与主句动词的比较而定：若as if/though 从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，则从句动词用过去时；若先于主句谓语动作，则用过去完成时；若后于主句谓语动作，则用would+do。
He speaks as if he were an expert. 他说起来像个专家。
They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 他们像多年的老朋友一样交谈。
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA. 他学英语非常认真，好像要去美国似的。
注意 as if/though引导的从句不一定都用虚拟语气，若其情况真实性、可能性大，则用实际时态。
Look, the dark clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. 看，乌云！好像要下雨了。
2. 用在It is (about/ high) time that ... 从句中，表“该做……的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或“should + do原形”(should不可省略)。
It is (about/high) time that he picked up his daughter/should pick up his daughter. 是时候去接他的女儿了。
3. 用在would rather 后面所接从句中，若表示现在或将来要做的事，从句谓语用一般过去时；表示过去已经做的事，则用过去完成时。
I’m sure you would rather went to school by bus every day, wouldn’t you? 我确定你每天乘坐公交车去学校，对吗？
I’d rather (that) you had attended the meeting.我希望你当时来参加会议了。
I’d rather (that) you came on Friday. 我希望你周五过来。
4. 用在if only ... 感叹句中，表示“要是……就好了”，其虚拟语气的用法与wish宾语从句的用法相同。
If only I had taken his advice. 如果当时我听了他的建议就好了。
If only I were a flying bird. 如果我是一只会飞的小鸟就好了。
5. 用在句型“Were it not for .../Had it not been for ...”中，表示“要不是因为……”，for表示“因为”，该句型分别由以下句式转变而来：
If it were not for .../If it had not been for ...
Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. (与现在情况相反)要不是因为下雨，那些庄稼就死了。
Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the task. (与过去情况相反) 要不是有你的帮助，我们无法完成任务。
【练习】
1. George is going to talk about the geography of this country, but I’d rather he_______________(更多关注) its culture. (focus)
2. But for the accident of nuclear power station in Japan, the world_______________(不会意识到) the importance of nuclear safety. (aware)
3. Had it not been for his help, we_______________不可能完成) the project in time. (complete) (2010年武汉9月起点考试)
4. Our English teacher suggested we each_______________(买一本好字典). (buy) (2010年武汉11月联考)
5. Had you worked harder, you (就不会失败) in the competition. (fail)
6. Her father gave her advice on learning English_______________(她用英语) as much as possible. (use) (2011年武汉2月调考)
7. Noisy as it is, he is reading attentively as if______________(没事在发生). (happen) (2011年武汉4月调考)
8. My demand is that the information referred to in my report______________(用邮件发) to Mr Smith without delay. (e-mail)
9. I was occupied with the writing competition then. If only I_______________（能够帮助）Mum with some homework. (help)
10. Should_______________ (他来这儿) next week, he would manage to have his own way. (turn)
11. If the boy had not been drowned five years ago, he (会正在上学) now. (attend)
12. Were_______________ (下雨) tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)
13. With a little more care you _______________(能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)
14. It is high time that we_______________(采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)
15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______________(断了). (break)
【参考答案】
1. focused more on
2. wouldn’t be/have become aware of
3. couldn’t have completed
4. (should) buy a good dictionary
5. wouldn’t have failed
6. that she (should) use it
7. nothing were/was happening
8. (should) be e-mailed
9. could have helped
10. he turn up here
11. would be attending school
12. it to rain
13. would/could have avoided
14. took measures to/should take measures to
15. were broken
条件句：①真实条件句：可能发生（陈述语气）
②非真实条件句：过去或现在都不存在，将来也不太可能发生（虚拟语气）
1. 记住下列三种基本虚拟语气的用法
If he had time, he would study French. 如果他有时间，他就会学习法语。
If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam. 如果他当初听从了我的建议，他就会及格。
If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明天下雨的话，竞赛就会被取消。
If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天晴的话我就去购物。
2．若主从句动作发生的时间不一致，则谓语动词形式需要视具体情况加以调整，从句与过去情况相反，主句与现在情况相反。
If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果当初你听了医生的建议，现在都已经康复了。
3. 若省略引导词if，则从句需用倒装语序，即“were/had/should+主语+其他”，主句不变。
If he had been more careful, such mistakes could have been avoided. 如果他细心一点，这样的错误是可以避免的。
→Had he been more careful, ...
If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be put off. 如果明天下雨的话，比赛就会延期。
→Were it not to rain tomorrow, ...
If it should be fine tomorrow, I would go shopping. 如果明天天气好，我就去购物。
→Should it be fine tomorrow, ...
4. 含蓄虚拟条件句：句中含without（没有）, but for+名词/that从句（要不是有），otherwise/or (else)（否则）等时也需要用虚拟语气，相当于if引导的虚拟条件句。
Without air/If there were no air, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物。
But for your help/If it hadn’t been for your help, I couldn’t have finished the task in time. 如果没有你的帮助，我无法按时完成任务。
I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them.
=If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them. 那天我很忙，否则我一定会和他们一起去。
二、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
1．在wish宾语从句中，表示一种不大可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。
（How） I/sb wish (that)从句：
①表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语用did/were。
②表示与过去事实相反，从句谓语用had done。
③表示对将来情况虚拟，从句谓语用“would/could+do”。
例：I wish it were spring all the year around. 我希望一整年都是春天。
I feel so sick. I wish Mum hadn’t forced me (没有逼我) to eat so much. (force) (2008年湖北卷) 我感觉很恶心，要是我妈妈没有逼我吃那么多就好了。
I wish it would stop raining. 我希望雨能停下。
2．用在表示“建议，要求，命令”等含义的动词后的宾语从句中时，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should可以省略。常见的这些动词可用如下方式记忆：
一个坚持：insist
二个命令：order, command
三个要求：require, request, demand
四个建议:suggest, advise, propose, recommend
I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立即回答我。
The doctor recommended that you (should) not swim after eating a large meal. 医生建议不要在饱餐后去游泳。
Mr Johnson insisted that the problem worthy of attention (should) be discussed at the meeting. (2010年湖北卷)约翰逊先生坚持认为这个问题有必要在大会上进行讨论。
注意 insist表示“坚决要求”时，谓语动词用“should+do”, 若表示“坚持认为”时，从句则用实际的时态。
He insisted that the theory was right. 他坚持认为那个理论是正确的。
三、虚拟语气用在同位语从句和表语从句中
在表示含有“建议，要求，命令”的名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，也用“should+动词原形”虚拟语气，should可以省略。常见的名词为：insistence, request, demand, order, command, suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation等。
After circling around the earth for three days, Shenzhou Spaceship received the command from the ground that it (should) land (它着陆) as scheduled the next day. (2009年湖北卷) 围绕地球转了3天后，神舟飞船接到来自地面的要求，让他们按计划在第二天着陆。
Your advice that she (should) wait till next week is unreasonable, so she is wise not to take it. 你建议她等到下周很不合理，所以她很聪明没有听你的建议。
My proposal is that they (should) go to visit the World Expo. 我建议他们去参加世博会。
四、虚拟语气用在主语从句中
在句型“It is important/necessary/strange/natural/...that ...”中，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，表示“重要，奇怪，自然，必要”等意义。
It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 每个成员都应该提醒自己遵守规则。
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 他有必要立即过去。
以下句型也用此结构：
It is/will be decided/desired/ordered/required/requested/proposed/that ... (should) + do ...
It is required in some colleges that lights in students’ dorms (should) be switched off by 11 o’clock. 有些大学里要求学生宿舍每晚11点之前关灯。
五、虚拟语气用在习惯句型中
1. 在as if/though引导的从句中，通常用虚拟语气。其动词形式的判断要通过与主句动词的比较而定：若as if/though 从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，则从句动词用过去时；若先于主句谓语动作，则用过去完成时；若后于主句谓语动作，则用would+do。
He speaks as if he were an expert. 他说起来像个专家。
They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 他们像多年的老朋友一样交谈。
He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA. 他学英语非常认真，好像要去美国似的。
注意 as if/though引导的从句不一定都用虚拟语气，若其情况真实性、可能性大，则用实际时态。
Look, the dark clouds! It looks as if it is going to rain. 看，乌云！好像要下雨了。
2. 用在It is (about/ high) time that ... 从句中，表“该做……的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或“should + do原形”(should不可省略)。
It is (about/high) time that he picked up his daughter/should pick up his daughter. 是时候去接他的女儿了。
3. 用在would rather 后面所接从句中，若表示现在或将来要做的事，从句谓语用一般过去时；表示过去已经做的事，则用过去完成时。
I’m sure you would rather went to school by bus every day, wouldn’t you? 我确定你每天乘坐公交车去学校，对吗？
I’d rather (that) you had attended the meeting.我希望你当时来参加会议了。
I’d rather (that) you came on Friday. 我希望你周五过来。
4. 用在if only ... 感叹句中，表示“要是……就好了”，其虚拟语气的用法与wish宾语从句的用法相同。
If only I had taken his advice. 如果当时我听了他的建议就好了。
If only I were a flying bird. 如果我是一只会飞的小鸟就好了。
5. 用在句型“Were it not for .../Had it not been for ...”中，表示“要不是因为……”，for表示“因为”，该句型分别由以下句式转变而来：
If it were not for .../If it had not been for ...
Were it not for the rain, the crops would die. (与现在情况相反)要不是因为下雨，那些庄稼就死了。
Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the task. (与过去情况相反) 要不是有你的帮助，我们无法完成任务。
【练习】
1. George is going to talk about the geography of this country, but I’d rather he_______________(更多关注) its culture. (focus)
2. But for the accident of nuclear power station in Japan, the world_______________(不会意识到) the importance of nuclear safety. (aware)
3. Had it not been for his help, we_______________不可能完成) the project in time. (complete) (2010年武汉9月起点考试)
4. Our English teacher suggested we each_______________(买一本好字典). (buy) (2010年武汉11月联考)
5. Had you worked harder, you (就不会失败) in the competition. (fail)
6. Her father gave her advice on learning English_______________(她用英语) as much as possible. (use) (2011年武汉2月调考)
7. Noisy as it is, he is reading attentively as if______________(没事在发生). (happen) (2011年武汉4月调考)
8. My demand is that the information referred to in my report______________(用邮件发) to Mr Smith without delay. (e-mail)
9. I was occupied with the writing competition then. If only I_______________（能够帮助）Mum with some homework. (help)
10. Should_______________ (他来这儿) next week, he would manage to have his own way. (turn)
11. If the boy had not been drowned five years ago, he (会正在上学) now. (attend)
12. Were_______________ (下雨) tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)
13. With a little more care you _______________(能避免) this traffic accident. (avoid)
14. It is high time that we_______________(采取措施) protect the environment. (measure)
15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______________(断了). (break)
【参考答案】
1. focused more on
2. wouldn’t be/have become aware of
3. couldn’t have completed
4. (should) buy a good dictionary
5. wouldn’t have failed
6. that she (should) use it
7. nothing were/was happening
8. (should) be e-mailed
9. could have helped
10. he turn up here
11. would be attending school
12. it to rain
13. would/could have avoided
14. took measures to/should take measures to
15. were broken