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星载激光测高系统通过接收卫星平台激光器发出的激光脉冲经地表反射的微弱回波,计算卫星与地表的距离;结合卫星轨道和姿态数据,生成激光脚点精确地理位置和高程结果。其高程误差主要受器件、环境和目标参数影响,目前还没有完整描述对地观测星载激光测高系统平面和高程误差的数学模型。简化并完善了针对固体地表的激光测距误差模型,建立了完整的激光脚点平面和高程误差模型。利用高程精度和空间分辨率更高的机载Lidar数据评估了星载激光测高系统GLAS实测数据的高程偏差,评估结果符合所建误差模型。在较平坦的冰盖表面,GLAS系统高程精度可以达到设计值约15 cm。研究内容对测高系统高程误差评估和系统参数设计具有参考意义。
The spaceborne laser altimetry system calculates the distance between the satellite and the surface by receiving weak echoes reflected by the surface of the laser pulse emitted by the laser of the satellite platform. The precise geo-position and elevation results of the laser foot are generated by combining satellite orbit and attitude data. The elevation error is mainly affected by the device, the environment and the target parameters. At present, there is not a complete mathematical model describing the plane and elevation errors of the spaceborne laser altimetry system. It simplifies and improves the laser ranging error model for solid surface and establishes a complete model of laser foot plane and elevation error. The elevation deviation of GLAS measured data of satellite laser altimetry system was evaluated by using the Lidar data with higher elevation precision and higher spatial resolution, and the assessment results accorded with the built error model. On a flatter ice-cap surface, the GLAS system’s elevation accuracy can reach a design value of about 15 cm. The research contents have reference meaning to the elevation error evaluation and system parameter design of altimeter system.