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铁路轨宽的标准经过了长时间的演进,从最初的几百种演进到三十几种,到最后确定为一个1 435毫米的国际标准。文章从制度经济学交易成本角度考察了这个演进的过程,这个过程充分体现了交易成本在不断地降低,经济效率在大幅度地提高。根据诺斯的制度经济学理论,可知标准化演进的过程也是制度变迁的过程,但是标准比制度更好把握和实施,并且标准化极大地降低了交易成本、节约了交易时间、提高了铁路运输的效率。
After a long period of evolution, the standards for railroad track width have evolved from the first few hundred to thirty or so and finally to an international standard of 1 435 millimeters. The article examines the process of this evolution from the perspective of institutional economics transaction costs, a process that fully reflects the ever-decreasing transaction costs and the dramatic increase in economic efficiency. According to North’s Institutional Economics Theory, we can see that the process of standardization evolution is also the process of institutional change, but the standard is better grasped and implemented than the system, and standardization greatly reduces the transaction costs, saves the transaction time and improves the efficiency of railway transportation. .