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使用基于数字图像相关法的三维全场散斑测量方法对Q235 T型板的立板和底板在MIG焊接过程中及焊后的变形状态进行了实时跟踪,从而获得立板和底板的变形规律。结果表明:两板在焊接开始和结束时表面位移基本为0;在焊后冷却时底板的z方向位移最大,立板的y方向位移也最大。底板在z方向发生角变形,且冷却阶段底板的变形角度比焊接结束时大;在焊接结束和冷却时间较短时,底板形状为中部轻微向下凹,而随着冷却时间增加,底板形状变为中部向上凸,且最大值与最小值之差接近4 mm。立板在y方向也发生角变形,但焊接结束时和冷却阶段的角变形方向相反。在焊接结束和冷却时间较短时,立板形状呈波浪形,随着冷却时间增加,立板形状变为中部向上凸。
The deformation of the upright plate and the bottom plate of Q235 T plate during MIG welding and after welding was tracked in real time using the three-dimensional full field speckle measurement method based on digital image correlation method. The results show that the displacement of the two plates is almost zero at the beginning and at the end of welding. The displacement of the soleplate in the z direction is the maximum when the welding is cooled, and the displacement of the vertical plate in the y direction is also the largest. The deformation of the bottom plate in the z direction and the deformation angle of the bottom plate during the cooling stage are larger than those at the end of the welding. When the welding is over and the cooling time is short, the shape of the bottom plate is slightly concave toward the middle, and as the cooling time increases, Is convex upward in the middle, and the difference between the maximum and the minimum is close to 4 mm. The riser also deforms in the y direction, but the direction of the corner deformation at the end of the weld and in the cooling phase is opposite. At the end of the welding and the cooling time is short, vertical plate shape wavy, with the cooling time increases, the vertical plate shape becomes convex upward.