芥川龙之介的《中国游记》是日本大正时期文学家中国纪行作品中备受关注与研究的一部。但由于其中涉及对中国的批判,长期以来饱受争议,国内现有研究虽渐趋客观公正,仍缺乏小切口的深入研究。本文欲从芥川龙之介在《中国游记》中流露出的对南北中国态度之迥然入手,探讨其背后复杂而矛盾的文化心理与“中国想象”;兼论在西洋化的大背景下,日本文人对于古老中国所怀有的一种遥远的“乡愁”。 Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s Travels of China is one of the most watched and researched works by Chinese writers in Japan during the Taisho period. However, because of its criticism of China, which has long been controversial, the existing domestic research has become more and more objective and fair, and still lacks deep research on small incisions. This article attempts to discuss the complex and contradictory cultural psychology and “Chinese imagination ” from the perspective of Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s “Travels in China” revealed to North and South China; and on the background of Westernization, Japan A distant “nostalgia ” that scholars have cherished for ancient China.