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1.统计资料表明,大多数汽车事故发生在中等速度的行驶状态下,极少事故是发生在大于150千米/小时的行驶速度状态下。这是否意味着高速行驶比较安全?2.绝不是这样。统计关系往往不能表明因果关系。由于多数人是以中等速度开车,所以自然大多数事故是出在中等速度的行驶中。3.如果统计数字表明某市死于肺结核的人数比其他地区多,这是否意味着该市的气候容易生肺病?4.正好相反。该市的气候对害肺病的人有好处,所以数以千计的肺病患者纷纷前来。自然,该市死于肺结核的平均数就升高了。
1. Statistics show that the majority of car accidents occur at moderate speeds while very few accidents occur at speeds of more than 150 km / h. Does this mean that it is safer to drive at high speed? Statistics often fail to show causation. Since most people drive at medium speed, most of the natural accidents are at moderate speeds. 3. If statistics show that more people die from tuberculosis in the city than in other areas, does this mean that the city’s climate is prone to lung disease? 4. On the contrary. The city’s climate is good for those who suffer from lung disease, so thousands of patients with lung disease have come. Naturally, the average number of people who died of tuberculosis in the city increased.