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目的核实疫情,明确病原体;查明传染来源、传播方式及暴发原因;提出预防控制措施建议。方法采用描述性流行病学方法和病例对照研究探索本次暴发的原因和危险因素。数据分析采用Epi Info 3.5软件,计算RR、OR值和χ2值。结果共搜索到141例病人,全乡罹患率为8‰。使用LS村集中供水系统的人群罹患率高,未使用该供水系统的地区没有发病。使用该集中供水系统的不同单位,罹患率不同。病例对照研究显示,在学校喝生自来水的学生发病风险是不喝生自来水学生的2.8倍,喝生自来水的量越大,患病的风险越大。结论 LS村集中供水系统的水源污染可能是本次伤寒暴发主要原因,饮生水为主要传播方式。
Objective To verify the epidemic and clarify the pathogen; identify the source of infection, the mode of transmission and the causes of the outbreak; and put forward the suggestions on prevention and control measures. Methods Using descriptive epidemiological methods and case-control studies to explore the causes of the outbreak and risk factors. Data Analysis Epi Info 3.5 software was used to calculate RR, OR and χ2 values. Results A total of 141 patients were searched, the township attack rate was 8 ‰. The population of people who use the centralized water supply system in village LS is suffering from a high rate of attack and there is no incidence in areas that have not used the water supply system. Different units using the centralized water supply system have different attack rates. Case-control studies have shown that students who drink tap water at school are at 2.8 times more likely to develop tap water, and the greater the amount of drinking tap water, the greater the risk of illness. Conclusion The water pollution in the centralized water supply system of LS village may be the main reason for the outbreak of this typhoid fever, with drinking water as the main mode of transmission.