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目的调查福建省莆田市涵江区2015年一所学校流行性腮腺炎(流腮)暴发疫情的发生原因,评价流腮疫苗(Mu V)的保护效果(VE)。方法通过主动搜索、访谈和问卷调查,收集学校学生流腮发病和Mu V接种信息,对新发病例采集咽拭子标本进行腮腺炎病毒培养和基因型检测。结果全校发生流腮108例,罹患率为2.86%,其中教师1名、学生107名,涉及14个班级;77例(71.96%)为三年级班级学生,班级罹患率最高为54.38%;8~10岁发病数占93.5%;男女性别比为1.49∶1。在采集的9例病例咽拭子标本中,2例腮腺炎病毒阳性,基因型为G2血清型。各班学生Mu V总接种率为64.53%(23.08%~98.11%)。Mu V的VE为77%(RR=0.23,95%CI:0.16~0.35);接种疫苗>5年后VE显著下降。结论本次疫情是一起由G2基因型腮腺炎病毒引起的暴发疫情,建议全区开展中小学Mu V查漏补种工作。
Objective To investigate the causes of outbreak of Mumps (Mumps) outbreak in 2015 in Hanjiang District, Putian City, Fujian Province, and to evaluate the protective effect (VE) of mumps vaccine (Mu V). Methods Through the active search, interview and questionnaire survey, we collected the information about the gonorrhea incidence and Mu V inoculation in school students and collected throat swab specimens for mumps virus and genotype detection. Results There were 108 cases of flow mumps in the whole school, the attack rate was 2.86%, including 1 teacher and 107 students, involving 14 classes; 77 cases (71.96%) were grade 3 students, the highest attack rate was 54.38% The incidence of 10-year-old accounted for 93.5%; male to female ratio was 1.49: 1. Among the 9 cases of throat swabs collected, 2 were positive for mumps virus and the genotype was G2 serotype. Mu V total inoculation rate of students in each class was 64.53% (23.08% ~ 98.11%). VE of Mu V was 77% (RR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16-0.35); VE was significantly reduced after 5 years of vaccination. Conclusion The outbreak is an outbreak triggered by the G2 genotype mumps virus. It is suggested that Mu V detection and replanting of primary and secondary schools should be conducted throughout the district.