“历史的观点”是马克思主义文艺批评中的一种经典性的批评方法 ,它是由马克思、恩格斯共同创立的 ,但两位导师对这种方法的理解并不完全相同 ,这主要表现在 :虽然马、恩都主张把文学作品放到具体的社会历史环境中去考察 ,但在考察中马克思更倾向于主体本位 ,而恩格斯则倾向于社会—历史本位 ;虽然马、恩都强调对待作家及作品中的人物要采取辩证的观点 ,但马克思更倾向于辩证中的统一 ,恩格斯则更倾向于辩证中的对立 ,即“二分法” ;虽然马、恩都看到并肯定了文学作品中的“倾向性”问题 ,但马克思更倾向于把“倾向性”等同于作品的认识价值和社会价值 ,恩格斯则更倾向于把“倾向性”等同于革命功利性。当然 ,从总体上来讲 ,这种不同只是次要的、末节的 ,但对后人所产生的影响却是巨大的、深远的。 The “historical point of view” is a classic method of criticism in Marxist literary criticism. It was co-founded by Marx and Engels, but the two mentors did not fully understand this method. The main points are as follows: Although both Marx and Eduardo advocated that literary works should be investigated in specific social and historical contexts, Marx insisted on subject-oriented rather than Engels’ predilection for social-historical reasons. Although both Marx and Engels emphasized the treatment of writers and The characters in the works should adopt a dialectical view. However, Marx prefers the dialectical unity, and Engels tends to be more dialectical opposition, that is, “dichotomy.” Although both Ma and Undie see and affirm the literary works “Tendencies”. However, Marx tended to equate “tendencies” with the cognitive and social values ​​of his works. Engels tended to equate “tendencies” with revolutionary utility. Of course, on the whole, this difference is only minor and distal, but the impact on future generations is huge and far-reaching.