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基于渭北旱塬长期定位田间试验,研究了保护性耕作下春玉米不同器官的生物量、养分吸收量及土壤肥力变化。结果表明:与传统耕作不覆盖(CT)相比,保护性耕作能显著提高春玉米籽粒和茎秆生物量,籽粒和茎秆生物量分别提高9.7~98.8%和40.3~123.3%;除地膜覆盖以外,秸秆覆盖和地膜秸秆双元覆盖处理对叶片生物量的影响均达到差异显著水平。春玉米N的吸收主要集中在籽粒和叶片,分别占总吸N量的45.6~61.6%和30.2~43.8%;P在籽粒中的吸收量占总吸P量的72.8~89.0%;K富集在茎秆中,占总吸K量的60.7~68.5%。秸秆覆盖和地膜秸秆双元覆盖处理较对照0~20cm土层土壤有机质、全氮和速效钾含量分别增加13.0~17.1%、6.1~11.0%和6.5~22.6%,而地膜覆盖处理土壤养分含量均不同程度减少。在双元覆盖模式下,免耕改善土壤肥力质量的效果优于传统耕作。
Based on the long-term field experiment in Weibei dry land, the changes of biomass, nutrient uptake and soil fertility in different organs of spring maize under conservation tillage were studied. The results showed that compared with traditional tillage (CT), conservation tillage increased the grain and stem biomass of spring maize significantly, and the grain and stem biomass increased by 9.7 ~ 98.8% and 40.3 ~ 123.3%, respectively. In addition, the effects of straw mulching and mulching double straw mulch on leaf biomass both reached significant differences. The absorption of N in spring maize mainly concentrated in kernels and leaves, accounting for 45.6-61.6% and 30.2-43.8% of the total nitrogen uptake respectively. The absorption of P in grains accounted for 72.8-89.0% of the total P uptake. K enrichment In the stem, accounting for 60.7 ~ 68.5% of total K absorption. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium in soil from 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 13.0-17.1%, 6.1-11.0% and 6.5-22.6% compared with the control, respectively, while the contents of soil nutrients in plastic film mulch Decreased to varying degrees. In dual-coverage model, the effect of no-till improvement of soil fertility quality is better than that of traditional farming.