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目的：研究小鼠胸腺细胞及其亚群在裂变中子照射后损伤和修复的规律，并与大约相同致死效应的６０Ｃｏγ射线照射后的规律进行比较。方法：测定照后不同时间小鼠胸腺细胞总数和胸腺重量指数，并采用间接免疫荧光法，测定照后不同时间小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞Ｌｙｔ＋２和Ｌ３Ｔ＋４细胞亚群的百分数。结果和结论：裂变中子和６０Ｃｏγ射线照射后小鼠胸腺重量指数均在照后第３天降至最低，而后的恢复速度差不多，但恢复水平前者一直低于后者，３１ｄ时的水平二者无显著差异。两种辐射照射后第３天胸腺细胞数几乎降至为０，随后的恢复中子照射稍逊于γ射线照射，３１ｄ的恢复水平基本一致。小鼠经裂变中子２．３Ｇｙ和６０Ｃｏγ射线４．５Ｇｙ照射后，第１天Ｌｙｔ＋２和Ｌ３Ｔ＋４细胞百分率均下降，水平基本一致。中子照射第３天的Ｌｙｔ＋２和Ｌ３Ｔ＋４细胞百分率降至更低（７０％以下），而γ射线照射的Ｌｙｔ＋２和Ｌ３Ｔ＋４细胞百分率则开始恢复。中子照射后经第７天明显恢复后，又出现第２次下降，３１ｄ仍未恢复至照前水平。γ射线照射后第３１天，Ｌｙｔ＋２细胞已恢复至照前水平，Ｌ３Ｔ＋４细胞则仍低于照前水平。
OBJECTIVE: To study the regulation of the damage and repair of mouse thymocytes and their subpopulations after fission neutrons irradiation and to compare them with the regular 60Coγ-ray irradiation with the same lethal effect. Methods: The total number of thymus cells and thymus weight index of mice at different time after irradiation were determined. The percentage of Lyt + 2 and L3T + 4 cell subsets of mouse thymus lymphocytes were measured by indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The thymus weight index of fission neutrons and 60Coγ-ray mice were all reduced to the lowest on the 3rd day after irradiation, but the speed of recovery was similar, but the former was always lower than the latter on the 3rd and the 31st No significant difference. The number of thymus cells decreased to almost zero on day 3 after irradiation, and the subsequent recovery of neutron irradiation was inferior to that of gamma irradiation. The recovery level on day 31 was basically the same. Mice after fission neutron 2.3Gy and 60Coγ ray 4.5Gy irradiation, the first day Lyt +2 and L3T +4 cells were decreased, the level of the same. The percentages of Lyt + 2 and L3T + 4 cells dropped to lower (less than 70%) on the third day after neutron irradiation, while the percentage of Lyt + 2 and L3T + 4 cells started to recover after gamma irradiation. Neutrons after 7 days after significant recovery, and the second decline occurred, 31d has not yet returned to pre-irradiation levels. Lyt + 2 cells recovered to pre-irradiation level on the 31st day after γ-ray irradiation, and the level of L3T + 4 cells was still lower than the pre-irradiation level.