在本讲座的第一讲及其他文章中,常常提到“积分器”、“运算放大器”等名词,或者常常见到如图1那样的线路。这些名词及这类线路包含着什么意思,起到什么作用?这就是这一讲中要解决的问题。当然,企图通过讲座的一讲解决这个问题事实上是不现实的,因为如图1所示的电路就是在电子模拟计算机上广泛应用,而后来又被大力推广到其他技术领域 In the first and other articles in this lecture, we often refer to the terms “integrator”, “operational amplifier”, etc., or we often see lines like the one in Figure 1. What do these terms and these kinds of lines mean and do? What is the problem to be solved in this lecture? Of course, attempting to address this issue through lectures is in fact unrealistic, as the circuit shown in Figure 1 is widely used on electronic analog computers and later promoted to other technical areas