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萨哈林冷杉(Abies sachalinensis MAST)人工林里的牧牛试验已进行了十四年之久。试验地为一片5.21公顷的萨哈林冷杉人工林,位于日本北海道札幌市附近。由于牛粪便促进了林木的生长,因而放牧过的试验小区比未经放牧的试验小区林木生长较好。林分的林下植被由青饲草组成,主要是鸭茅(Dactylis glomerata)和草地早熟禾(Poa Pratensis),每公顷产量12吨左右。估计每年每公顷的放牧量约为100牛·天。放牧的不利影响出现在栽植林木的早期生长阶段。放牧带来的损害是由于放牧时牲畜对林木的踏、压所致。因此,为了避免这些不利影响的出现,在林木生长的早期阶段应适当控制放牧的数量。本文报道的是在萨哈林冷杉人工林里牲畜放牧的一些实际做法。
Cattle grazing in Abies sachalinensis MAST plantations has been around for fourteen years. The 5.21-hectare Sakhalin Fir plantation is located in the vicinity of Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. Since cow dung promoted the growth of trees, the grazed plot grew better than the non-grazed plots. The forest stands are composed of green forages, mainly Dactylis glomerata and Poa Pratensis, yielding around 12 tonnes per hectare. The estimated annual grazing per hectare is about 100 cattle days. The adverse effects of grazing appear in the early growth stage of planting trees. The damage caused by grazing is caused by the pressure on the trees during the grazing of livestock. Therefore, in order to avoid these adverse effects, the amount of grazing should be properly controlled in the early stages of forest growth. This article reports some of the practices of livestock grazing in the fir forest of Sakhalin.