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5月31日,我们到马尔堡的菲利普斯大学经济社会体制比较研究所,会见了莱波德博士(Dr.Helmut Leiphold)和所长阿尔弗雷德·舒勒(Prof·Alfred Schuller)教授。舒勒教授向我们重点谈了联邦德国的社会市场经济模式和建立这一模式的理论基础,西德战后从统制经济走向社会市场经济的历史经验,对于东德的“过渡阶段”的借鉴作用。 舒勒教授说,二战后,不要说社会主义国家走了一条中央计划经济的道路,就是在西方各经济集团对此也有过激烈的争论,西德选择了社会市场经济模式也是经过斗争的,当时,人们面对着物资的匮乏和满目疮痍的景象,很难理解全面自由的经济如何实现。当时人们习惯于命令、习惯于配给,无法想象放松管制的竞争秩序会带来什么样的后果。当自由的竞争制度导致经济走上了复苏与繁荣之路,好的效果才使老百姓一致拥护这一体制。 社会市场经济模式已获得了一些经验,最重要的是关于“社会”的基本含义与内容。教授说他更愿意从市场的角度来看问题,而不同意随意加大“社会”的份量。只有市场活跃到使人们有足够的选择余地,使人们有机会在公开的市场上自由进出,才是最必要的条件,这就是社会市场经济的支柱——竞争秩序。 我们从比较所提供的资料中找出舒勒教授的文章,该文详细地介绍了秩序政策的发展道路。
On May 31, we went to Phillips University Institute for Comparative Economic and Social Systems in Marburg to meet with Prof. Dr. Helmut Leiphold and Prof. Alfred Schuller. Schuler focused on the social market economy in the Federal Republic of Germany and the theoretical basis for establishing this model, the historical experience of the transition from a controlled economy to a social market economy after the West Germany War, and its reference to the “transitional period” in East Germany . After World War II, Schuler said that it is not to say that the socialist countries have taken the road of a centrally planned economy, that is, the various economic groups in the West have also had heated debates over this. West Germany has also chosen the social market economy model to struggle. At that time, , People face the scarcity and devastation of supplies, and it is hard to understand how a fully free economy can be achieved. At that time, people were accustomed to the command, accustomed to rationing, and could not imagine the consequences of deregulation of the competitive order. When the free competition system has led the economy to embark on a path of recovery and prosperity, good results have enabled the common people to embrace this system. The social market economy model has gained some experience. The most important thing is about the basic meaning and content of “society.” The professor said he prefers to look at the issues from a market perspective rather than agreeing to increase the weight of “society.” Only when the market is active so that people have enough choices and people have the opportunity to freely enter and exit the open market are the most necessary conditions, and this is the pillar of the social market economy - the order of competition. We compare Schooler's paper with the information provided, which details the development of the order policy.