现代教学论发展的总趋势,就是把教学重点,由传统的教师向学生传授与灌输,转变到学生在教师的指导下独立的探究并获得知识。然而,如何在语文教学实践中引导学生自主探究?如何在学生的探究中发挥教师的主导作用?我认为应该做到以下几点:一、了解学生,把握认知心理与认知结构认知心理学告诉我们:人之所以能进行各种认知活动,是因为在人的头脑中存在着一种特殊的机制——认知结构。而教学中学生的学习,就是把学习的内容同化到原有的认知结构之中,或是改组原有的认知结构,从而形成新的认知结构。正如奥苏泊尔所说:“有意义的学习过程,是原有知识同化新知识的过程。”因而教师在设计制定教学方案时,必须首先了解 The general tendency of the development of modern teaching theory is to shift the focus of teaching from traditional teachers to students and to inculcate into students' independent inquiry and knowledge under the guidance of teachers. However, how to guide students to explore spontaneously in the practice of Chinese teaching? How to play the leading role of teachers in the exploration of students? I think we should do the following: First, understand students, grasp the cognitive psychology and cognitive structure of cognitive psychology Learn to tell us: people can carry out a variety of cognitive activities, because in the human mind there is a special mechanism - the cognitive structure. The learning of middle school students in teaching is to assimilate the learning content into the original cognitive structure, or to reorganize the original cognitive structure to form a new cognitive structure. As Ausporre said: “The meaningful learning process is the process of assimilating new knowledge into the original knowledge.” Therefore, teachers must first understand when designing a teaching plan