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以河北省树体改造后的乔冠鸭梨为试材,对单层开心形、双层开心形和多主枝疏散开心形树体的枝干配置、冠内透光率以及果实产量和品质进行了调查,以确定乔冠梨园改造后适宜树形的枝干构成框架。结果表明:树体改造后,不同树形的骨干枝以及超长枝、长枝和中短枝的数量比例发生变化,虽然对梨果单位面积产量无明显影响,但冠层间的透光率差异显著,因此导致不同树形的果实品质和优质果率差别明显。树体改造后的3种树形,虽然都进行了枝干调整和开心处理,但由于树体结构和枝量疏密的不同,果实品质差异显著。综合产量和品质指标分析认为,乔冠梨园树体改造时最好选择单层开心树形,树体构成仅需3～5个主枝,超长枝、长枝、中短枝数量比例为1∶2∶36,大、中、小型枝组数量比例为1∶1.6∶16,单位面积总枝量控制在75万条/hm2左右。
Taking Qiaozuan pear after tree remodeling in Hebei Province as test material, the branch configuration, crown translucency, fruit yield and quality of single-layer happy-shaped, double-happy and multi- A survey was conducted to determine the suitable tree-shaped branches to form the framework after the transformation of Qiao Guan Li Yuan. The results showed that the number of branches, branches, long branches and short branches of different tree branches changed after the tree was transformed. Although there was no significant effect on the yield per unit area of pear fruit, the light transmittance Significant differences, resulting in different tree-shaped fruit quality and high-quality fruit significantly different. The three kinds of tree after the tree transformation, although all conducted branch adjustment and happy processing, but due to the different density of the tree structure and branches, fruit quality significantly different. Comprehensive yield and quality indicators that Qiaozeng pear orchard tree transformation is best to choose a single happy tree, the tree constitutes only 3 to 5 main branches, extra long branches, long branches, the ratio of the number of short branches 1 : 2:36, the proportion of large, medium and small branch groups is 1: 1.6: 16, the total branch amount per unit area is controlled at 750,000 / hm2.