CISG第25条关于根本违约规则的规定具有很大的灵活性,其认定标准在实际适用时具有很大的调整空间,因此,各国法院和仲裁机构在适用公约认定根本违约的司法实践中,也就必然出现对根本违约认定标准的不同理解和认识,从而导致对该规则的“国别化”适用。本文旨在整理分析一些主要贸易大国对CISG制度在实际司法中的适用情况,以便读者了解CISG条文和CISG司法实践之间所存在的差距。 Article 25 of the CISG stipulates that the fundamental rules of breach of contract have great flexibility, and its recognition standard has great room for adjustment when it is actually applied. Therefore, courts and arbitration institutions in various countries apply the convention to determine the fundamental default of judicial practice It is inevitable that there will be a different understanding and recognition of the standard of fundamental breach of contract, leading to the application of the “nationalization” of the rule. The purpose of this article is to analyze and analyze the application of the CISG system in the real judiciary by some major trading nations so that readers can understand the gap between CISG provisions and the CISG judicial practice.