为探讨ｐ５３基因突变与眼睑鳞状细胞癌（ＳＣＣ）发生的关系及其临床病理学意义，采用微波处理免疫组化ＬＳＡＢ法对３２例ＳＣＣ进行了ｐ５３蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）检测，同时应用银染法检测了核仁组成区相关嗜银蛋白（ＡｇＮＯＲ）计数。结果显示，在正常眼睑皮肤及轻度不典型增生上皮未见ｐ５３蛋白表达，而中、重度不典型增生、原位癌、浸润癌ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达率逐渐增高，其ＰＣＮＡ指数及ＡｇＮＯＲ计数也有增加趋势；随着癌细胞分化程度的降低，ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达强度增高；ＰＣＮＡ平均指数和ＡｇＮＯＲ计数分别为３８３±３０１和３７５±１５３，ＰＣＮＡ指数和ＡｇＮＯＲ计数随ＳＣＣ分化程度的降低逐渐增高，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达的肿瘤组织，其ＰＣＮＡ指数和ＡｇＮＯＲ计数均高于ｐ５３蛋白阴性表达者，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。结果表明，ｐ５３蛋白过度表达与ＳＣＣ发生密切相关，出现于ＳＣＣ发生的早期，将３项指标综合应用于ＳＣＣ的分化程度、增殖活性及早期诊断较为客观，对协助临床病理诊断及预后评价有一定参考价值 To investigate the relationship between p53 gene mutation and the development of orbital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its clinicopathological significance, 32 cases of SCC were tested for p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) by microwave-assisted immunohistochemical LSAB method. Silver staining was used to determine AgNOR counts in the nucleolar compartment. The results showed that no expression of p53 protein was detected in normal eyelid skin and mild atypical hyperplasia epithelium. The positive expression rate of p53 protein in moderate-to-severe atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma increased gradually, and the PCNA index and AgNOR count also increased. Trends; As the degree of differentiation of cancer cells decreased, the positive expression of p53 protein increased; the average PCNA index and AgNOR count were 383±301 and 375±153, respectively, and the PCNA index and AgNOR count varied with SCC. The degree of decline gradually increased, the difference was significant (P <0  05). The tumor tissue with positive expression of p53 protein had higher PCNA index and AgNOR count than those with negative p53 protein expression (P<0.05). The results showed that over-expression of p53 protein is closely related to SCC and occurs in the early stage of SCC. It is more objective to apply the three indicators to the differentiation, proliferative activity, and early diagnosis of SCC. It is helpful to assist clinical pathological diagnosis and prognosis evaluation. Reference value