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在用验电器检验某物体是否带电的实验中,当演示者把已知是带电的物体靠近,甚至接触验电器的金属球时,经常出现金属箔张开的角度不明显,甚至毫无变化的现象。有时在课前已做成功的实验,在教室里却做不成功。因此,教师必须在演示前认真检查仪器,了解周围环境,找出验电器不灵的原因,从而采取相应的修理或补救措施,使实验达到预期效果。我在多年的教学实践中发现,验电器不灵的原因主要是验电器漏电。可从以下几个方面寻找漏电原因,并相应地采取一些补救措施,便可使实验达到了较为理想的效果。
In the experiment of using an electroscope to check whether an object is electrified, when the presenter approaches an object that is known to be charged or even contacts a metal ball of an electroscope, the angle at which the metal foil is opened often appears to be inconspicuous or even unchanged. phenomenon. Sometimes successful experiments were done before class and unsuccessful in the classroom. Therefore, teachers must carefully inspect the instrument before the demonstration, understand the surrounding environment, find out the reasons for the malfunction of the electroscope, and take corresponding repair or remedial measures so that the experiment can achieve the desired effect. In my many years of teaching practice, I discovered that the main reason for the failure of electroscope is the leakage of electroscope. The following reasons can be used to find the cause of power leakage, and some remedial measures can be taken accordingly, so that the experiment can achieve a more satisfactory result.