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道教的诞生,与汉代方士信仰有着直接联系。在汉代,方士是最活跃的宗教信仰传播者,但是,关于其信仰的民间性质,目前学术界还没有明晰的描述。从主流社会的排斥、传播的民间色彩看,方士信仰具有民间性质。因其民间性质,方士获得了与主流信仰发生对抗的信仰;因有民间传播组织的存在,方士获得了与主流社会对抗的实体。对抗性的存在,使方士信仰获得了宗教品质的升华,促进了新的宗教产生;同时,也为我们的辨析提供了理论意义,即汉代民间宗教发展的形态和道教产生的必然性,并因此可提出这样的设想:在方士大规模出现的秦汉之际就有了道教的雏形。
The birth of Taoism has direct connection with the alchemist belief of the Han Dynasty. Alchemists were the most active communicators of religion during the Han Dynasty. However, there is no clear description about the folk nature of their beliefs at present. From the folk colors of exclusion and communication in the mainstream society, alchemist beliefs are of a folk nature. Because of their folk nature, alchemists gained the faith that they fought against the mainstream beliefs; because of the existence of non-governmental organizations, Alchemists gained an entity that fights the mainstream society. The existence of adversariality enabled Alchemist beliefs to attain sublimation of religious quality and promoted the emergence of new religions. At the same time, it provided theoretical significance for our analysis, that is, the form of folk religion in Han Dynasty and the inevitability of Taoism, Put forward the idea that there will be a prototype of Taoism during the Qin and Han dynasties when the alchemists appeared on a large scale.