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用楔横轧机轧制齿轮轴上的齿形时,对影响齿形成形的各种因素进行分析是提高齿形成形质量的关键。基于图像测量原理对齿形进行特征提取,获得齿形离散数据,然后运用数值计算方法最小二乘法把齿形离散数据拟合成齿形曲线,求解出基圆圆心,绘制出齿形。通过数学建模和实验,分析了模具齿形、齿坯相对模具的位置、坯料的初始形状以及轧制温度对成形齿形的影响。结果表明:模具齿形决定轧制成形的齿形,它们的齿廓是一对共轭曲线的关系;坯料相对模具的位置决定齿形的正负变位状态;通过改变坯料的初始形状可以补偿端面附近齿形下凹的成形缺陷;降低轧制温度可以减弱齿顶“拉尖”现象。
When using the cross wedge mill to gear the tooth profile of the gear shaft, analyzing the various factors that affect the tooth profile forming is the key to improve the quality of the profile shaping. Based on the principle of image measurement, the tooth shape is extracted and the tooth shape discrete data is obtained. Then, the tooth shape data is obtained by fitting the tooth shape discrete data to the tooth curve by using the least squares method. Through mathematical modeling and experiments, the influence of the die profile, the position of the die blank relative to the die, the initial shape of the blank and the rolling temperature on the profile of the profile was analyzed. The results show that: the shape of the die determines the shape of the profile formed by rolling and their tooth profile is the relationship between a pair of conjugate curves; the position of the blank relative to the die determines the positive and negative displacement state of the profile; the initial shape of the blank can be compensated Near the end surface of the dentate depression forming defects; reduce the rolling temperature can reduce the tip “pinch ” phenomenon.