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随着近年来美国刑事错案的研究进展,人们发现,在检察官不端行为所导致的错案当中,办案检察官不开示无罪证据这一原因占据了首位。从1963年联邦最高法院确立无罪证据开示制度以来,50多年的实践表明,该制度是美国最具有争议,检察官最不愿意执行的制度之一。随着检察官隐瞒无罪证据导致的错案不断被发现,近年来呼吁强化检察官无罪证据开示义务的声音越来越强烈,但是几次改革却都以失败告终。美国检察官无罪证据开示制度虽然还不尽如人意,但有关研究已经表明,检察官开示无罪证据对于防范冤假错案是非常重要的。美国的相关经验和教训对于防范冤假错案、构建我国的证据制度意义重大。
With the progress of the criminal miscarriage cases in the United States in recent years, people find that among the wrong cases caused by the misconduct of prosecutors, prosecutors do not reveal evidence of innocence for the first place. More than 50 years of practice since the federal Supreme Court established the system of promulgation of evidence of innocence in 1963 have shown that the system is one of the most controversial systems in the United States where prosecutors are most reluctant to implement. As prosecutors conceal the evidence of innocence, misstatements have been uncovered, and in recent years there has been a growing voice of calls to enforce prosecutors’ guilty pleadings of innocence, but several reforms have failed. Although the prosecutor’s system of innocence discovery in the United States is not yet satisfactory, relevant studies have shown that it is very important that prosecutors disclose evidence of innocence to prevent unjustly wrong cases. Relevant experience and lessons from the United States are of great significance to the prevention of unjustly wrong cases and the construction of our evidence system.