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目的探讨儿童干眼发病的危险因素,为儿童干眼的预防和干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用1∶1配对病例-对照研究设计,以统一的调查表及调查方式对94例儿童干眼病例及94例对照面对面问卷调查,眼部检查。采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。结果病例组儿童左右眼视力的均值低于对照组儿童、左右眼泪膜破裂时间异常比例及角结膜染色异常比例均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。基础泪液分泌量两组无显著差异。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示以下因素是儿童干眼相关的危险因素:偏食(OR=3.254,95%CI:1.465,7.226),长时间用眼(OR=4.080,95%CI:1.804,9.224),使用视频终端设备(OR=3.332,95%CI:1.790,6.204)、频繁使用眼药水(OR=28.965 95%CI:3.529,237.752)。结论干眼患儿视力异常、泪膜不稳定、角结膜上皮损害的发生率较高,而偏食、长时间用眼、使用视频终端设备、频繁使用眼药水可能是儿童干眼相关的危险因素。
Objective To explore the risk factors of children’s dry eye and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and intervention of dry eye in children. Methods A 1: 1 matched case-control study was designed. A total of 94 children with dry eye and 94 controls were examined by face-to-face questionnaires and eye examinations with a unified questionnaire and survey method. Multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis. Results The average visual acuity of left and right eyes of children in the case group was lower than that of the control group. The abnormal ratio of rupture time of the left and right eyes and the abnormal conjunctiva staining were all higher than those of the control group (P <0.05). Basal tear secretion was no significant difference between the two groups. Multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were the risk factors of dry eye in children: partial eclipse (OR = 3.254,95% CI: 1.465,7.226), long time eye (OR = 4.080,95% CI: 1.804,9.224 ), Eye drops (OR = 28.965 95% CI: 3.529,237.752) were frequently used using video end devices (OR = 3.332, 95% CI: 1.790, 6.204). Conclusion Children with dry eye have abnormal visual acuity, unstable tear film, and high incidence of damage to the keratoconjunctival epithelium. However, the use of video devices and frequent eye drops may be risk factors related to dry eye in children.