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肝移植的巨大需求与可用供肝数量不匹配是长期存在的矛盾,急性或慢性肝功能衰竭的患者各种替代治疗不断派生。对干细胞生物学及肝脏修复过程的研究进展,使得干细胞成为再生医学中治疗肝脏疾病的新热点。目前研究中,肝再生的细胞来源已经囊括多种类型细胞,如成人肝干细胞和胎肝干细胞、肝内干细胞群、成人骨髓来源的造血干细胞、内皮祖细胞、间充质干细胞、胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞。这些高度不同的细胞,可以作为细胞悬液使用,或者与生物材料组合形成可植入的肝组织构建体,为肝再生的研究带来了新的希望。然而,在干细胞全面广泛地应用于临床前,细胞治疗肝脏疾病仍有很多关键障碍需要克服。本文总结了以干细胞为基础治疗肝脏疾病领域的最新技术,以及现有的挑战,提出了将来研究的新方向。
There is a longstanding paradox that the great need for liver transplantation does not match the number of available liver donors, and that various alternatives to treatment in patients with acute or chronic liver failure continue to be derived. Advances in stem cell biology and liver repair have made stem cells a new hot spot in the treatment of liver diseases in regenerative medicine. In the current study, the cell sources of liver regeneration have included many types of cells, such as adult hepatic stem cells and fetal liver stem cells, intrahepatic stem cell populations, adult bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced Pluripotent stem cells. These highly diverse cells, which can be used as cell suspensions or in combination with biomaterials to form implantable liver tissue constructs, offer new promise for the study of liver regeneration. However, there are still many key obstacles to be overcome in the treatment of liver diseases by stem cells in a wide range of preclinical applications. This article summarizes the latest technology in the field of stem cell-based treatment of liver disease, as well as the existing challenges and puts forward new directions for future research.