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Objective: To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on bone marrow suppression and hematopoietic stem cells during chemotherapy in elderly patients with lung cancer. Methods: 120 elderly patients with lung cancer treated in the first hospital of Xingtai city from January 2019 to early December 2019 were divided into the treatment group and the control group by the random number table method, all of whom received pemetrexed +carboplatin chemotherapy, and the treatment group was treated with APS at the same time. The efficacy was evaluated after 2 cycles of chemotherapy, bone marrow suppression was observed, and levels of TCM symptoms score, peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroup index, L-selectin (CD62L) and macrophage differentiation antigen-1 (Mac-1) were measured before and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. Results: The response rate (RR) was 56.67％ in the treatment group and 45.00％ in the control group, with no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05);The disease control rate (DCR) in the treatment group was 81.67％, which was significantly higher than 65.00％ in the control group (P < 0.05); The reduction degree of leukopenia in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); The treatment group had a platelet reduction of grade 1 + 2 at a rate of 40.00％, and hemoglobin reduction of grade 1 + 2 at a rate of 28.33％, which were significantly lower than the control group at 65.00％ and 58.33％ (P < 0.05); Compared with those before chemotherapy, the total score of TCM symptoms, serum CD62L and Mac-1 levels in the two groups all decreased significantly after chemotherapy, and they were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05); After chemotherapy, CD3+, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ in the treatment group increased significantly and they were all higher in the treatment group than in the control group, while CD8+ decreased significantly and was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (P 0.05). Conclusion:Astragalus polysaccharide can improve the chemotherapy effect and improve the bone marrow suppression in elderly patients with lung cancer, which may be related to its obvious enhancement of immune function and decrease of CD62L and Mac-1 levels.