科技史表明,在科学发现——技术发明——产品创新之间,横亘着两道“高墙”。从工业革命到20世纪末,由科学发现变为可实用技术,再由技术成果大面积地转化为商品,平均约需半个世纪的时间。从趋势看,这一过程在逐步缩短。就产品而言,则以乘方速度更新换代,这无疑增加了企业创新的压力。像河北这样的区域,科学发现和技术发明都不算长项,但 The history of science and technology shows that there are two “walls” between scientific discoveries, technological inventions and product innovations. From the Industrial Revolution to the end of the 20th century, scientific discoveries turned into practical technologies, and large-scale conversion of technological achievements into commodities took an average of about half a century. From the trend, this process is gradually shortened. In terms of products, they are replaced by the speed of the exchange, which undoubtedly increased the pressure of business innovation. Areas like Hebei do not count as long as science discoveries and inventions