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目的:通过计算儿童疾病诊断相关分组(diagnosis related groups，DRG)的死亡风险，评价儿童专科医院的医疗质量。方法:采用CN-DRG分组方案，将我国17家儿童专科医院2016年至2018年的住院病例进行DRG分组，并根据各组死亡率计算儿童各DRG死亡率的均值和标准，据此进行DRG死亡风险分级。计算各儿童专科医院在同一死亡风险级别的死亡率，并依此评价医院的医疗质量。结果:各医院收治各风险组病例数存在差异；医院在各风险等级的死亡率排序不同，且与粗死亡率排序存在差异；医院D的粗死亡率为0.01%，在低风险、中高风险及高风险3个等级的死亡率分别为0、0和1.18%，在所有医院中排名第一位，认为其医疗质量最好；医院N的粗死亡率为0.15%，在低风险、中低风险及高风险3个等级的死亡率分别为0.08%、0.51%和87.50%，在所有医院中排名第17位，认为其医疗质量最差。结论:儿童DRG死亡风险分级可作为医院之间医疗质量比较的重要工具；与使用粗死亡率作为评价指标相比，不仅增加了病例的可比性，还可提供医院医疗质量更细节的情况，从而使得评价结果更为可靠。“,”Objective:To evaluate the medical quality of children′s hospital by calculating the death risk of diagnosis related groups(DRG).Methods:CN-DRG grouping scheme was used to assign the cases in 17 children′s hospitals from 2016 to 2018 to different DRG. The average and standard of children′s DRG mortality were calculated according to the mortality of each group, and the DRG mortality risk was graded accordingly. The mortality of each children′s hospital at the same risk level was calculated, and the medical quality of the hospital was evaluated accordingly.Results:There were differences in the number of cases of each risk group in each hospital; the mortality ranking of hospitals in each risk level was different, and there were differences with the crude mortality ranking. The crude mortality of hospital D was 0.01%, and the mortality of low-risk, medium high-risk and high-risk levels were 0, 0 and 1.18%, respectively, ranking first in all hospitals, and the medical quality was the best. The crude mortality of hospital N was 0.15%, and the mortality rates of low-risk, medium low-risk and high-risk were 0.08%, 0.51% and 87.50% respectively, which were highest among all hospitals, and the quality of medical care was the worst.Conclusions:DRG mortality risk classification can be used as an important tool for the comparison of medical quality between hospitals. Compared with crude mortality, it not only increases the comparability of cases, but also provides more details of hospital medical quality, thus making the evaluation results more reliable.Children′s DRG mortality risk levels can be used as an important tool for comparing the quality of care among hospitals. Compared with crude mortality, it not only increases the comparability of cases but also provides more detailed information about the quality of care in hospitals, thus making the evaluation results more reliable.