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通过水稻盆栽试验研究施用新型快腐粪肥、条垛堆肥和未经处理鲜粪对水稻产量和养分利用效率以及CH_4和N_2O等温室气体排放的影响,同时设置不施肥对照,评估不同处理方式粪肥的肥效和环境效应.结果表明:施用快腐粪肥可以明显促进水稻生长、增加水稻产量,且增产效果显著高于鲜粪和条垛堆肥(P<0.05);等量和等氮施用快腐粪肥处理的水稻产量分别比鲜粪和条垛堆肥处理增加38.72%、35.80%和44.67%、41.63%.与鲜粪和条垛堆肥相比,等量和等氮条件下施用快腐粪肥其氮、磷、钾养分的农学利用效率和当季利用效率显著增加(P<0.05).施用条垛堆肥处理的CH_4、N_2O排放以及单位产量全球增温潜势(GHGI)均为最低.施用鲜粪显著增加CH_4排放,而N_2O排放增加不显著(P>0.05),其GHGI显著高于条垛堆肥和快腐粪肥(P<0.05);鲜粪经快速物化促腐处理后施用可以显著减少CH_4排放(P<0.05),虽然N_2O排放有增加趋势,但其GHGI显著降低(P<0.05).因此,物化促腐技术处理快速、经济高效、环保低碳,可广泛应用于畜禽养殖场的粪便处理和有机肥生产.(图1表5参40)
The effects of applying fast-decayed manure, stubble compost and untreated fresh manure on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of rice and greenhouse gases such as CH 4 and N 2 O were studied by pot experiment in paddy rice. At the same time, non-fertilization control was set up to evaluate the effect of manure on different treatments Fertilizer efficiency and environmental effect.The results showed that applying fast rot manure could obviously promote rice growth and increase rice yield, and the yield increase was significantly higher than that of fresh and stool compost (P <0.05) Of rice increased by 38.72%, 35.80% and 44.67%, 41.63% respectively than that of fresh manure and bar-pile composting.Compared with fresh manure and stave compost, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus , The agronomic efficiency and seasonal utilization efficiency of potassium nutrients increased significantly (P <0.05), CH 4 and N 2 O emissions and the global warming potential (GHGI) per unit yield were the lowest in the application of stubble compost treatment.The application of fresh manure significantly increased (P <0.05). The GHGI was significantly higher than that of the stubble compost and the fast-rot manure (P <0.05). The application of fast excrement and fast rot manure could significantly reduce the CH_4 emissions (P <0.05), although N_ (P <0.05). Therefore, physicochemical and ecocriticidal technologies are fast, cost-effective and environmentally friendly and can be widely applied to excrement disposal and organic fertilizer production in livestock and poultry farms. Figure 1 Table 5 Reference 40)