目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患病相关风险因素。方法:对PCOS患者47例以及同期作为对照的月经规律的患者42例进行临床体征评分、内分泌指标测定,采用调查问卷法搜集其家族史等发病相关因素,采用病例对照研究进行分析。结果:①PCOS组患者家族中糖尿病(DM)及女性月经失调(闭经或月经稀发)的患病率大于对照组(P=0.000),二组家族中男性秃顶的患病率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②PCOS患者出生体重(birth weight,BW)低于对照组(P=0.000);③PCOS患者24h摄入食物能量大于对照组(P<0.05);④两组之间初潮时间、运动情况等的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:肥胖、低出生体重及月经紊乱的家族史均为PCOS发病的独立危险因素,糖尿病家族史可能与PCOS发病有关,提示了家族遗传、BW及出生后的饮食状况都可能是PCOS发病的主要影响因素。 Objective: To investigate the risk factors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: Forty-seven patients with PCOS and 42 patients with menstrual regularity were enrolled in this study. The clinical signs and endocrine indexes were determined. The incidence of family history and other related factors were collected by questionnaire method and analyzed by case-control study. Results: ①The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and female menstrual disorders (amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea) in PCOS patients was significantly higher than that in controls (P = 0.000). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of male baldness in both groups (P> 0.05). ② The birth weight (BW) of PCOS patients was lower than that of the control group (P = 0.000); ③ The energy intake of food in PCOS patients was higher than that of the control group at 24h (P <0.05); ④The time of menarche, There was no significant difference in exercise status (P> 0.05). Conclusion: Family history of obesity, low birth weight and menstrual disorders are both independent risk factors for PCOS. The family history of diabetes may be related to the pathogenesis of PCOS, which suggests that familial inheritance, BW and postnatal diet may be the main pathogenesis of PCOS Influencing factors.