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目的探讨支气管哮喘急性发作的诱因,为哮喘防治提供理论依据。方法回顾性分析250例住院及门诊哮喘患者急性发作的诱发因素,同时用敏筛法对其中70例哮喘急性发作期患者进行过敏原检测。结果哮喘急性发作最常见的诱因是呼吸道感染,占46.4%,其中老年组患者人数明显高于青、中年组(均P<0.01)。吸入过敏原居第二位,占26.4%,青、中年组与老年组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。其他因素依次为冷空气刺激、食物过敏原、情绪变化、药物和剧烈运动。过敏原检测结果显示,70例患者中有40例至少对一种过敏原过敏,阳性率57.1%,其中霉菌类检出率最高,占27.1%。其他检出率较高的过敏原依次为蒿、户尘螨、屋尘及猫狗皮毛。结论呼吸道感染和吸入过敏原是哮喘急性发作最常见的诱发因素。积极预防呼吸道感染,避免接触过敏原对减少哮急性喘发作,改善患者的预后具有重要意义。
Objective To investigate the causes of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of asthma. Methods Retrospective analysis of 250 cases of inpatients and outpatients with acute asthma attack induced factors, with sensitive screening method in which 70 cases of acute asthma attack in patients with allergen testing. Results The most common cause of acute asthma attack was respiratory infection, accounting for 46.4%. The number of elderly patients was significantly higher than that of young and middle-aged patients (all P <0.01). Allergen inhalation of the second place, accounting for 26.4%, young, middle-aged and elderly groups were statistically significant (P <0.01, P <0.05). Other factors followed were cold air stimulation, food allergens, mood changes, medications and strenuous exercise. Allergen test results showed that 70 of 70 patients were allergic to at least one allergen, the positive rate of 57.1%, of which the highest fungal detection rate, accounting for 27.1%. Other allergens with higher detection rates were as follows: Artemisia, house dust mites, house dust and cats and dogs fur. Conclusions Respiratory infections and inhaled allergens are the most common predisposing factors for acute asthma attacks. Active prevention of respiratory infections and avoidance of allergens are important for reducing asthma attacks and improving the prognosis of patients.