骨硬化症是一类由破骨细胞数目减少或功能障碍引起的遗传性骨骼疾病,可导致全身性骨密度增高、骨折、骨骼畸形以及多种并发症。同时也会导致一些严重的口腔颌面部症状,如牙发育异常、颅面部异常以及颌骨骨髓炎等。骨硬化症患者的骨质致密所导致的创口愈合不佳常伴颌骨骨髓炎,给口腔诊疗带来一定挑战。本文对骨硬化症的口腔颌面部症状、伴颌骨骨髓炎的治疗及相关致病基因等方面的研究现状进行综述。 Osteosclerosis is a type of hereditary skeletal disease caused by a decrease in the number of osteoclasts or dysfunction and leads to increased systemic bone mineral density, fractures, skeletal deformities, and a variety of complications. At the same time can also lead to some serious oral and maxillofacial symptoms, such as dental development, craniofacial abnormalities and jaw osteomyelitis. Patients with osteopetrosis due to bone densification caused by poor wound healing often accompanied by osteomyelitis of the jaw, to the oral treatment to bring some challenges. This article reviews the research status of oral and maxillofacial symptoms of osteosclerosis, treatment of osteomyelitis of the jaw and related pathogenic genes.