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书画是历史文物的重要组成部分。宣纸是书写、绘画的主要材料。制成宣纸的主要原料是青檀皮和稻草。由于宣纸中含杂质较少,金属离子和酸性基团的含量也少,不易产生发色基团,所以具有良好的耐久性能。但是由于空气中存在着大量的霉菌孢子,在一定的温度、湿度下,孢子在宣纸上萌发、生长、形成菌落,并对天然植物纤维有较强的分解能力,使纤维素分子分解为小分子的葡萄糖,结果使纸张变脆、老化、强度降低,大大减少书画的寿命。有些霉菌在代谢过程中产生色素,使字画变色形成霉斑。所以防霉是保护好书画的重要问题。
Painting and calligraphy is an important part of historical relics. Rice paper is the main material for writing and painting. The main raw material made of rice paper is sandalwood bark and straw. As rice paper containing less impurities, the content of metal ions and acidic groups are small, not easy to produce chromophore, so it has good durability. However, due to the presence of a large number of mold spores in the air, spores germinate and grow on rice paper at certain temperature and humidity to form colonies and have strong ability to decompose natural plant fibers to decompose cellulose molecules into small molecules Of the glucose, the result of the paper becomes brittle, aging, reduce the intensity, greatly reducing the life of calligraphy and painting. Some molds produce pigments in the metabolic process that discolour the calligraphic textures and mold them. Therefore, mildew protection is an important issue of calligraphy and painting.