目的探讨分析儿童哮喘的危险因素。方法选取70例儿童哮喘患儿作为病例组,按1:1配对同期非哮喘儿童70例作为对照组,采用卡方检验比较分析两组危险因素。结果病例组患儿过敏史、父母过敏史、家族哮喘史、过去1年呼吸道感染次数≥6次、室内曾经装修、被动吸烟、居住环境通风差、母乳喂养<3个月的例数明显多于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组剖宫产、早产儿、接触猫狗、居住环境有工厂、室内有开花植物情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论患儿过敏史、父母过敏史、家族哮喘史、反复呼吸道感染、室内装修、被动吸烟、居住环境通风差、母乳喂养时间短是儿童哮喘的危险因素,可以从避免接触过敏原、减少呼吸道感染、改善居住环境、尽量母乳喂养等方面进行该疾病的防治。 Objective To investigate the risk factors of childhood asthma. Methods Seventy children with asthma were selected as the case group. One to one matched non-asthmatic children (70 cases) were used as the control group, and the two groups of risk factors were compared by chi-square test. Results The history of allergy, parents’ allergy and family history of asthma in the case group were higher than those in the past one year. The number of respiratory infections in the past one year was more than 6 times. The indoor decoration, passive smoking and poor living environment were poor. The number of breastfeeding cases <3 months was significantly more than The control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Two groups of cesarean section, premature children, contact with cats and dogs, living in a factory, indoor flowering plants were no significant difference (P> 0.05). Conclusion The history of childhood allergy, parents’ history of allergy, history of familial asthma, recurrent respiratory tract infection, interior decoration, passive smoking, poor ventilation in the living environment and short breastfeeding time are risk factors for asthma in children. It can avoid allergen exposure and reduce respiratory tract infection , To improve the living environment, try to breastfeeding and other aspects of the prevention and treatment of the disease.