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基于20世纪80、90年代中美两国研发经费的比较,本文对90年代至今中美两国研发经费投入进行再比较。研究发现,尽管我国研发经费投入规模已有较大变化,但在投入结构与投入主体方面却并未改变:美国依然强化对基础研究的投入,我国似乎并非如此;美国主要是联邦政府在支持研发,我国地方政府的研发投入不仅与中央政府相当,而且上升趋势明显;美国研发投入基于市场失灵理论,而我国则似乎更多的是基于“重视”。在公共财政投入绩效日益为各界关注的情况下,建议积极落实十八届三中全会关于市场和政府作用的理论创新,进一步优化我国研发投入理论;在稳定研发经费投入规模、完善科研统计的条件下,尽快优化调整研发投入结构、进一步强化基础研究投入,特别是进一步探索地方政府研发投入的适宜规模,考虑逐步减少地方政府的直接投入。
Based on a comparison of R & D funding between China and the United States in the 1980s and 1990s, this paper compares R & D spending between China and the United States in the 1990s to the present. The study found that although the scale of China’s R & D spending has changed a lot, it has not changed in the structure and input actors: the United States still strengthens its investment in basic research, which does not seem to be the case in our country. The United States is mainly the federal government that supports R & D , The R & D investment of local government in our country is not only the same as that of the central government, but also the rising trend is obvious. The R & D investment in the United States is based on the market failure theory, while our country seems to be more based on “emphasis ”. Under the circumstance that the performance of public finance investment is increasingly concerned by all walks of life, it is suggested that the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee should actively implement the theoretical innovations on the role of the market and government and further optimize the R & D investment theory in China. In stabilizing the scale of R & D spending and improving the conditions for scientific research and statistics , Adjust and adjust the R & D investment structure as soon as possible to further strengthen the investment in basic research. In particular, we should further explore the proper scale of R & D investment by local governments and consider gradually reducing the direct investment by local governments.