一、快速城市化导致交通拥挤、污染和噪音增加随着可支配收入的增加以及农村人口向城市迁移,人们出现了购买汽车的趋势,政府制定了激励机制,鼓励地方工业制造或组装汽车,而宽松易得的信贷则产生了更多的汽车买主。这种现象正发生在拉丁美洲和加勒比海国家。因此,机动化是新兴经济国家的一个主要趋势,糟糕的公共交通状况导致私人汽车数量高速增长(圣地亚哥1991年至2001年间增加了245%)私家车是污染排放的主要制造者。卡车和公共汽车的噪音很大,主要大都市地区有很多听觉问题都是由它们导致的。一是 I. Rapid Urbanization Leads to Congestion, Pollution and Noise Increasing As disposable income increases and rural people migrate to cities, there is a trend toward purchasing automobiles, and the government has devised incentives to encourage local industry to manufacture or assemble cars, whereas Looser and easier credit generates more car buyers. This phenomenon is taking place in Latin America and the Caribbean. Mobility is therefore a major trend in emerging economies where poor public transport conditions have led to a rapid increase in the number of private cars (Santiago increased 245% between 1991 and 2001). Private cars are a major producer of pollution. The noise of trucks and buses is loud, and many of the major metropolitan areas have auditory problems caused by them. One is