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一、桔梗(一)生物学特性:属桔梗科桔梗属多年生草本,高40～120厘米。根为肥大的肉质,长圆锥形,外皮黄褐色。茎直立,上部稍分枝,叶近无柄,叶片卵形或卵状披针形,边缘有锯齿;茎上部叶小,互生,较窄。花单生或数朵集成疏总状;花钟状,蓝紫色或白色;花期6～9月,果期7～10月。
First, Campanulaceae (a) Biological characteristics: Campanulaceae Campanulaceae perennial herb, 40 to 120 cm high. The root is hypertrophy, long conical, coat yellowish brown. Stem erect, slightly branched at upper part, leaves sessile, leaf blade ovate or ovate-lanceolate, margin serrate; upper stem leaves small, alternate, narrower. Flowers solitary or several integrated sparse constricted; flowers bell-shaped, blue-purple or white; flowering from June to September, the fruit from July to October.