士大夫兼有“士”与“大夫”的不同社会身份。儒家士大夫的丰富思想光谱,源于其不同的身份认同,以及与此相关的价值取向、思想视角。“士”的独立性、理想性与“大夫”的依附性、现实性,使得儒家学者形成不同的思想形态,导致旨趣各异的学派形成。孟子、荀子的思想差异,就是源于其不同的身份认同。孟学、荀学在良知自觉与礼法制度、王道与霸道、为师与为臣等方面均形成思想差异,均与他们对“士大夫”社会身份的理解与认同相关。 The doctor has both social status of “doctor ” and “doctor ”. The rich ideological spectrum of Confucianist scholar stems from its different identities, as well as its value orientation and thought perspective. The independence and ideal of “Shi” and the dependence and reality of “Doctor” make the Confucian scholars form different thought forms and lead to the formation of schools of different interests. Mencius, Xun Zi’s ideological differences, it is derived from their different identity. Meng Xue and Xun Xue formed ideological differences in conscientious conscience and etiquette, benevolence and hegemony, as teachers and as ministers, all related to their understanding and identification of social identities of “scholarly scholar ”.