目的分析厦门市思明区10例人感染H7N9禽流感的流行特征及防控效果,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法对2014年12月至2015年1月发生的10例人感染H7N9禽流感确诊病例进行描述流行病学分析。对活禽市场休市前后的外环境标本调查结果进行比较,评价防控效果。结果 10例感染病例(男9女1)中,9例有禽鸟类或活禽市场接触史,除1例密切接触者外,均为临床报告;9例重症(男8女1),>50岁7例,BMI指数>25的7例;治愈7例,死亡3例,病死率30.0%。采取休市措施前,患者周边活禽市场外环境样本H7N9禽流感病毒核酸阳性率12.5%,全区外环境标本阳性率14.5%;采取措施后,检测环境样本阳性率下降。结论思明区H7N9流感病毒主要通过禽-人传播,开展活禽市场休市措施可有效降低环境中病毒的阳性率,对预防人感染H7N9禽流感有重要意义。 Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and control effects of 10 human H7N9 avian influenza strains in Siming District, Xiamen City, so as to provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods An epidemiological analysis of 10 confirmed cases of H7N9 avian influenza in humans from December 2014 to January 2015 was performed. The live poultry market closed before and after the environmental sample survey results compared to evaluate the prevention and control effect. Results Of the 10 infected cases (9 males and 1 females), 9 cases had history of contact with birds or live poultry market, except for 1 case of close contacts, all were clinical reports; 9 cases of severe (8 males and 1 fellow),> 7 cases were 50 years old and 7 cases were with BMI> 25; 7 cases were cured, 3 died and the case fatality rate was 30.0%. Before the suspension measures were taken, the nucleic acid positive rate of H7N9 bird flu virus outside the live poultry market outside the patients was 12.5%, and the positive rate of environmental samples outside the region was 14.5%. After the measures were taken, the positive rate of environmental samples decreased. Conclusion The H7N9 influenza virus in Siming district mainly spreads through poultry and people. The measures to suspend the live poultry market can effectively reduce the positive rate of the virus in the environment, which is of great significance in preventing human infection of H7N9 bird flu.