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在确定具体隧道集中排烟量和排烟口面积后,排烟口间距是影响隧道集中排烟效果的关键因素。为达到最大安全性和最小设施设置成本,以2m高度处烟气温度不超过60℃、2m高度处能见度不小于10m、相对蔓延距离不大于1为安全性决策目标,以总成本最小为经济性决策目标,提出隧道集中排烟系统排烟口设置间距的多目标分析方法。用基于大涡模拟的FDS软件对不同排烟口间距下的隧道火灾烟气流动特性进行模拟计算。给定的排烟量为240m3/s,排烟口面积为6m2。疏散环境安全性分析表明,排烟口间距为30～100 m时,2m高度处烟气温度T2m、2m高度处烟气能见度V2m均能满足人员安全疏散的要求;但若间距为70m、80m和90 m,相对蔓延距离值大于1时,烟气无法限制在排烟口打开段范围内,表明这3种排烟口间距为非合理设计。进一步考虑设施设置成本,间距为100m时排烟口设置数量最少,且经济性最好,即该隧道最优排烟口设置间距为100m,火灾时开启4个排烟口。
After confirming the concentration of smoke and the area of smoke outlet in a specific tunnel, the spacing of smoke outlet is the key factor that affects the concentration of smoke in the tunnel. In order to achieve the maximum safety and minimal installation cost, the flue gas temperature at 2m does not exceed 60 ℃, the visibility at 2m height is not less than 10m, and the relative spread distance is not more than 1 as the safety decision-making goal. The total cost is the minimum Decision-making goals, the proposed tunnel smoke exhaust system set the distance between the multi-target analysis method. FDS software based on large eddy simulation was used to simulate the flue gas flow characteristics of tunnel fires with different exhaust openings. Given a smoke exhaust volume of 240m3 / s, exhaust port area of 6m2. Safety evacuation of evacuation environment shows that the flue gas temperature T2m at 2m height and V2m at 2m height can meet the requirements of evacuation of personnel safely when the exhaust outlet spacing is 30 ~ 100m. However, if the spacing is 70m, 80m and 90 m, and the relative spread distance value is greater than 1, the flue gas can not be confined to the opening range of the exhaust opening, indicating that the spacing of the three exhaust openings is an unreasonable design. Further consider the cost of installation, the spacing of 100m when the exhaust port set the least, and the best economy, that is the tunnel set the optimal exhaust port spacing of 100m, opening four fire exits in the fire.