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针对水厂生物活性炭深度处理工艺可能产生的细菌泄露问题,采用上海徐泾水厂生物活性炭出水,通过对异养菌平板计数和卤代烃气相色谱检测分析,比较了次氯酸钠和氯胺2种消毒方式对出厂水水质安全保障的效果.在水温30℃下,采用NaClO消毒剂进行消毒处理时,初始余氯值达到1.84 mg/L、接触30 min即可保障灭活率lg(N0/N)超过2;若采用NH2 Cl消毒,则初始余氯值为2.20 mg/L、消毒接触90 min以上才可达到相同效果.采用NaClO消毒,初始余氯浓度1.53～2.42 mg/L时,CHCl3和CCl4生成量分别为4.97～7.10μg/L和0.01～0.71μg/L;NH2Cl消毒,初始余氯2.10～2.86 mg/L时,CHCl3和CCl4生成量分别为4.43～5.55μg/L和0.01～0.64μg/L,生成的卤代烃含量低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准.本实验表明水中氯化消毒过程包括初始快速灭菌阶段与后期慢速灭菌阶段;针对水厂活性炭出水微生物含量较高现状,NaClO灭菌效果比NH2 Cl好,但均难实现100%灭活,且在水温较高的条件下不会造成消毒副产物超标风险.
In view of the possible leaking of bacteria in the biological treatment of biological activated carbon in water treatment plant, the biological activated carbon effluent from Xujing Water Treatment Plant in Shanghai was used for the disinfection of two kinds of sodium hypochlorite and chloramine by counting plate count of heterotrophic bacteria and gas chromatography of halocarbons The effect of the way on the water quality and safety of the factory water.Under the condition of water temperature of 30 ℃ and NaClO disinfectant, the initial residual chlorine reached 1.84 mg / L, the inactivation rate lg (N0 / N) More than 2. If the NH2 Cl disinfection, the initial residual chlorine value of 2.20 mg / L, disinfection contact 90 min or more to achieve the same effect.Using NaClO disinfection, the initial residual chlorine concentration of 1.53 ~ 2.42 mg / L, CHCl3 and CCl4 The yields of CHCl3 and CCl4 were 4.43-5.55μg / L and 0.01-0.64μg / L when the NH2Cl was disinfected and the initial residual chlorine was 2.10-2.86 mg / L, respectively, and the yields were 4.97-7.10μg / L and 0.01-0.71μg / / L, the generated halogenated hydrocarbon content is lower than the national drinking water health standards.This experiment shows that the process of chlorination in water includes the initial rapid sterilization stage and the late slow sterilization stage; for the water plant activated carbon effluent microbial status quo , NaClO sterilization than NH2Cl But it is difficult to achieve 100% inactivation and disinfection by-products without causing excessive risk at higher temperature conditions.