一、前言人类文明的发展就是能源消费量增加的过程。能源消费每个人平均占有量是衡量一个国家经济发展和人民生活水平的重要标志。1900年世界平均每人只有493公斤标准煤,1950年达到了1080公斤,现在已经提高到2300公斤左右,预计到2000年可能超过4000公斤。1978年,世界上消耗能源(吨标准煤/人·年)最多的是美国,平均每人每年12.8吨,平均产值超 I. Introduction The development of human civilization is the process of increasing energy consumption. The average share of energy consumption per capita is an important indicator of a country’s economic development and people’s living standards. In 1900, the world averaged only 493 kilograms of standard coal per person, reaching 1,080 kilograms in 1950 and now has risen to 2,300 kilograms. It is estimated that by 2000 it may exceed 4,000 kilograms. In 1978, the world consumes the most energy (tce / year) most in the United States, with an average of 12.8 tons per person per year, with an average output value of over